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Ngā whāriki kōpū pounamu, pērā i te marbale, te grānīt, me ngā hāngā kōpū, e whakawhitinga ana i te mātauranga o ngā wā, i te āhua pūkore, me ngā āhua pūkore o ngā wāhi noho me ngā wāhi whakamātau. Heoi anō, he rere kōpū ēnei kōpū, ā, he mātua ki ngā whakamātautau, ki te whakamātautau o te wai, me ngā whakamātautau o ngā hāngā kimi, mēnā kāore he whakamātautau tika. Ko te kōpū kōpū he whakamātautau whakamātautau e whakamātautau ana i te whakamātautau o te kōpū hei whakamātautau ki ngā whakamātautau me ngā whakamātautau o te taiao. He mea nui te mātauranga i te take o te whakamātautau o te kōpū mō te marbale, te grānīt, me ngā hāngā kōpū mō ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i ēnei kōpū pūkore, me te hiahia kia mau tonu ngā āhua me ngā āhua o ngā kōpū i ngā tau maha kei muri.
Te maha o te whakamātautau i ngā kōhatu he nui ake i te āhua anō. Ko ngā kōhatu mārble, granite me ngā kōhatu limestone e taea ana te whānuitanga o ngā pānga pakaru mai i ngā hinu, ngā hua ācidi, ngā rīngi wai, me ngā whanonga ā-ao mēnā kāore he whakamātautau. Ko te whakamātautau i ngā kōhatu he rākau kāore i te kitea, e whakaroa ana i te roa o ngā kōhatu tātai, ā, e iti ana hoki i ngā mahi whakamātautau. Ko ngā kaitiaki o ngā whare me ngā kaimātua o ngā whare āwhina, o ngā toa hoko, me ngā whare noho e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakamātautau kōhatu kia mau ai te āhua tātai o ngā kōhatu, ā, kia tūpato hoki i ngā wāhi e whakamāhi ana tonu.
He aha te take e tino hiahiatia ana te whakamātautau i ngā kōhatu hei whakamātautau mō ngā kōhatu tātai
Te whakamārama i te porowhita me ngā whakamāhi kōhatu tātai
Ko ngā kōpū pounamu, ngā kōpū rākau, me ngā kōpū tāwhai he kōpū āhua pū, ā, he rereke ngā whāinga o te whakamātautau. Ko tēnei whakamātautau te take i tāwhai ai te whakamātautau kōpū—ko ngā pūrere iti o ēnei kōpū he ara iti e whakamātautau ai ngā wai, ngā hinu, me ngā kōhao. Mā te kore o te whakamātautau kōpū, ka whakamātautau ngā rere o te kawhe, o te wīni, o ngā hinu kai, me ngā hua mō te wharepaku ki roto o te kōpū, ka hanga i ngā whakamātautau kāore e whakamātautaua i te whakamātautau āhua. Ka pakaru te whakamātautau o roto i te wāhi e whakamātautau ai te wai i ngā wā kōmuri, e hāngai ana i ngā pakaru me ngā whakamātautau i te wā. Ko tēnei whakamātautau kōpū pai e whakamātautau ai ēnei pūrere, i tāwhai ai he rākau whakamātautau e whakamātautau ai ngā whakamātautau, kia whakamātautau ai te whakamātautau kōpū hei tuatahi o ngā whakamātautau kia kore ai ngā pakaru.
Ngā whakamātautau kimikā me ngā whakamātautau taiao mō ngā kōpū āhua
Ko ngā kōpū pūrere me ngā kōpū mārble he uaua rawa ki ngā whakainga ā-hua, nā te wāhi o te calcium carbonate i rō, e whai ana i ngā whakainga ā-hua. Ko ngā wai ā-pi, ko ngā wai ā-wine, ko ngā wai ā-wīnē, ā, ko ēnei anō ngā hua whakamātautau e taea ai te whakamāngō i te mata, i te whakamāmā i te tukutuku o te kōpū. Ko ngā kōpū grānīt, ahakoa he uaua ake, he pakaru ake hoki i ngā kōpū mārble, i ngā kōpū pūrere i ngā whakainga ā-hua, he pai tonu te whakamātau i ngā kōpū ki te whakamātau kōpū, nā te āhua porowhita o ngā kōpū e whai ana i te wai me ngā mīnirā e tū ake i raro i te mata. Ko ngā whakāwhāinga o te taiao, pērā i ngā ua, ngā wai ā-urutā, ngā tātai ā-hāngā, me ngā whakāwhāinga ā-rere, he whakāwhāinga tonu ki ngā whakamātau kōpū ā-waho. Ko tēnei whakamātau kōpū e hanga ana i tēnei āhua ā-kīmi, ā-wai hoki e whakamāmā ana i ēnei whakāwhāinga, ā, he tāpoi tēnei hei whakamātau mō ngā kōpū ā-roto, ā-waho hoki i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, i ngā whakamātau rerekē.
He aha te whakamātau kōpū e tiaki ana i ngā kōpū mārble, grānīt, me ngā kōpū pūrere
Te ara o te tiaki me te whakamāngō i ngā whakamāngō
Āhuatanga whakamārama rākau ngā hua mahi i ngā ara e rua: ngā kaiwhakamātua kia tūtahi ki te whatu o te kōhatu, ā, ngā kaiwhakamātua kia tū i te whāriki o waho. Ko ngā whakamātua kōhatu kia tūtahi i te whatu, ka whai mātua ki roto i te whāriki pūpū, ā, ka hanga i tēnei wā he rākau hāngā wai me ngā rākau hāngā hinu hei whakamātua i ngā whakamātua wai me ngā whakamātua hinu. Inā he wai te tāwhai i te whāriki kua whakamātua, ka whakamātua ngā kaiwhakamātua kōhatu i te whakamātua i te wai, ā, ka rere mai i te whāriki i te wāhi i tāwhai ai, kāore i te whai mātua, nā reira e tātou nei te wā kia whakamātua ngā wāhi i tāwhai ai i mua i te whai mātua. Ko tēnei mahi whakamātua he mea matua rawa atu i ngā tātai kai, i ngā tātai wāhine, i ngā paparanga, ā, i ngā wāhi e tāwhai ana i te wai me ngā wāhi e tāwhai ana i ngā wāhi i tāwhai ai. Ko ngā kaiwhakamātua kōhatu pai rawa atu he kaha tonu i tēnei mahi whakamātua i ngā wā kia whakamātua, ahakoa ko ngā whakamātua anō i ngā wā e tātai ana hei whakamātua i te kaha tonu i te wā katoa o te kōhatu.
Te whakakaha ake i te roa o te ora me te whakamāmā ake i te whakamātua
Mā te whakakaha i te whakamāngō i te wai, ka whakarahi ake te wā o te mahi o ngā whakamātautau i te mārble, i te grānīt, me ngā kōpū tāne. Ko ngā wai e uru mai ana ki ngā pūpū o ngā kōpū tāne he take o ngā raru o roto, o ngā huinga mīnerāl, me ngā raru o te hanga. I te wā e whakamāngō nei ngā kōpū tāne, ka whakawātea ngā kōpū tāne o te whenua i ngā raru o te wai, i ngā pākanga o te mākū me te whakamākū, i ngā whakamākū o te wai, me ngā whanonga ā-hāpai, tāraiwhenua, me ngā whanonga ā-mātātoko. Hei whakamārama, he iti ake ngā hāinga o te whakamāhi, me te iti ake hoki o te utu katoa o te whakamāhi i ngā whakamātautau kōpū tāne. Ka taea hoki e te whakamāngō kōpū tāne te whakamāhi i ngā kaiwhakamāhi pH tāwhai, i rātou kē i ngā kaiwhakamāhi mātātoko, ā, ko tēnei he whakamāhi haumaru atu, me ngā putanga pai ake mo te taiao. Ko ngā kaitiaki o ngā whare e whakamārama ana i te whakamāngō i ō rātou whakamātautau mārble, grānīt, me ngā kōpū tāne i te whakamāngō kōpū tāne kaha, he iti ake te wā o te whakamāhi kia hāngai ai i te whakamāhi, he rere kē te wā o te whakamāhi, me te whakarahi ake hoki i te āhua o ngā kōpū tāne me ō rātou kaha hanga i te wā katoa o te whakamāhi.
Te whiriwhiri i te kōpae whakamātua pōneke me tana tiaki i te wā roa
Te whakamātua i te kōpae whakamātua pōneke ki tōu ake momo pōneke
Ngā pōnaha kōhatu rerekē e whai ana i ngā whakamātautau rerekē i ngā kōhatu kia whakamātautau, nō reira he mea matua te whiriwhiri i te whakamātautau tika. Ko ngā kōhatu mārble me ngā kōhatu limestone he kōhatu māmā, he kōhatu hāngai ake, ā, he pai ake ngā kōhatu whakamātautau e whai ana i te whakamātautau kōhatu e whai ana i te whakamātautau i te āhua o te kōhatu i te wā anō i te whakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau kia kaha. Ko te kōhatu granite he kōhatu mātā, he kōhatu pakaru ake, nō reira he hāngai ake ngā kōhatu whakamātautau e whai ana i te rereke o te whakamātautau me ngā whakamātautau kia whai ai i te whakamātautau tika me te whakamātautau. Ko ngā kōhatu honed, ko ngā kōhatu matte-finish he hāngai ake ngā kōhatu whakamātautau e whai ana i ngā whakamātautau kōhatu e whai ana i te āhua e whai ana, kia kore ai te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau kia kaha, ā, ko ngā kōhatu polished he rerekē ngā whakamātautau e whai ana. Ko ngā tohunga pūkenga o ngā mahi whakamātautau kōhatu e whakamātautau i te momo kōhatu, i te āhua, i te hāngai, i te rereke o te whakamātautau, i te wāhi e whai ana kia whakamātautau ai i te kōhatu kia whai ai i te whakamātautau kōhatu tika. Ko tēnei whakamātautau ā-tāngata kia whai ai i te whakamātautau kōhatu kia whai ai i te whakamātautau kia kaha, kia kore ai te whakamātautau i te āhua o te kōhatu, kia kore ai ngā raru whakamātautau pērā i ngā whakamātautau, i ngā whakamātautau, i ngā whakamātautau kore o te whakamātautau.
Te Rākau Whakamātautau me ngā Tikanga Pai hei Whakamātua i te Whakamātua
Ko te whai hua o te kōpae pūpū i te oneone e pakaru haere ana i te wā me te whakamātautau, nō reira he mea tatau te whakamāhi i ngā mahi whakamāhi i ia wā kia mau tonu te tiaki. Ko ngā wāhi e whakamāhinga ana pērā i ngā tātai kai, i ngā rākau huinga o ngā whare hokohoko, e tātai ana i te whakamāhi anō i te kōpae pūpū i te oneone i ia tau kia toru tau, i te wā i ngā wāhi iti ake te whakamāhinga, ka taea pea te mau tonu i te tiaki i te toru ki te rima tau mā te whakamāhi pai. Ka taea te whakamātautau i te whai hua o tō kōpae pūpū i tēnei wā mā te whakamāhi i te rākau wai—mehemea kāore he wai e rere mai, engari e whakarere ana, kāore he raru; engari mēnā he wai e rere mai, e whakauru ana ki te oneone, kāti, he wā kia whakamāhi anō. I waenganui i ngā wā o te whakamāhi anō, whakamāhi ngā kai whakamāhi kāore i te pā o te pH, whakakī ngā wai e rere mai, me ngā whakamāhi kāore i te whakamāhi kaha, kāore hoki i ngā mea ātete. Ka taea e ngā ratonga tiaki oneone o te mātua te whakamātautau i te whai hua o tō kōpae pūpū i tēnei wā, me te tohutohu i te wā tika hei whakamāhi anō, arā, i runga i ngā āhua o te whakamāhinga me ngā āhua o te taiao. Ko te whakamāhi tatau i tō kōpae pūpū i te oneone he mea tatau kia mau tonu ngā āhua o ngā oneone marbale, ngā oneone granit, me ngā oneone limestone i tēnei wā, i ngā tau maha.
FAQ
He aha te take i te hāngai o te kōpae kōhatu i tēnei wā, i tēnei wā kua kōpae kē ngā kōhatu i te wā o te whakamahi?
Ko ngā kōhatu mātua e nuinga o ngā wā e tū ana i te wā o te tāwhai, he rākau kia whakamāhinga, he rākau kia whakamāhinga i te wā o te hanga me te whakamahi. Ahakoa kua kōpae ngā kōhatu i mua i te tuku, ko ngā haerenga, ngā mahi whakamāhinga, me ngā pānga mai i te taiao e whakamāmā i tana hāngai i te wā. Ko ngā kōpae kōhatu o ngā tohunga e toru ki te whitu tau te roa, ā, he rereke te roa i runga i ngā haerenga me ngā āhuatanga, nō reira he mea tātai tonu te whakamāhinga anō hei mahi whakamāhinga mō te whakamāmā i te hāngai.
Ka taea pēhea e te kōpae kōhatu te whakamāmā i tō kōhatu granite, marble kia kore e rere?
Ko te whakamātautau i ngā kōpū pōneke he whakamātautau mātua hei whakamānuitanga i te whakamātautau i te wai, ā, he whakamānuitanga hoki i te whakamātautau i te wai, engari kāore i te whakamānuitanga i ngā kōpū pōneke kia katoa te rere wai. Ko ngā whakamātautau roa i te wai, ko ngā wā e tū ana te wai, i ngā whakamātautau hāngā kaha, ka taea pea te whakamānuitanga i ngā whakamātautau kōpū pōneke pai, ā, ko ngā whakamātautau kōpū pōneke he rākau whakamānuitanga pai hei whakamānuitanga i ngā raru wai mātua, ā, he whakamānuitanga hoki i te whakamātautau i ngā wāhi tuawhenua.
He mahi a-tāngata te whakamātautau i ngā kōpū pōneke, he rānei me tōtahi ngā tohunga?
I tēnā āhua o ngā hua whakamātātutanga kōhatu, he rere kē ngā hua mō te whakamāhi a te kiritaki, ā, ko te whakamāhi a te tohunga i te nuinga o ngā wā e whakamāhinga ana i ngā putanga pai ake me ngā whakamātātutanga roa ake. Ko ngā kaimahi pūkenga o te tiaki kōhatu e mātau ana i ngā tikanga tika o te whakamātātutanga o te whāriki, ngā tauira whakamāhi tika, ngā āhuatanga o te whakamaroke, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau kounga hei whakamāngai i te whakamātātutanga kōhatu. Mō ngā whakamāhi kōhatu nui, ko te whakamāhi i ngā tohunga i te whakamātātutanga kōhatu he uara pai ake, me ngā whakamātātutanga roa ake i ngā whakamāhi a te kiritaki.